Macroeconomics.....Case Study NEED respond to at least 2 other Essay

Macroeconomics.....Case Study NEED respond to at least 2 other students - Essay Example It would be incomplete to analyze and predict a nation’s history without accepting political underpinnings in events. While it is true that the government is really accountable on how it should spend public funds, balancing a national budget is a complicated task. In fact, ordinary citizens like you and I can’t even handle our own budgets. What I am saying is that things have already happened and the most that we can do as individuals is to reduce our spending and stop blaming the government for all the mess. After all, if we are not part of the solution, then we must be part of the problem. A.Having a President whose main agenda is war is not a good president. Had all the resources been devoted to social services then the country could have survived the crisis. There are just too many issue s that a President can prioritize inside one’s country . It I sjust unfortunate that the political propaganda to project war as a noble cause gripped most of Americans when the fearful thing is not war that happens thousands of miles away but fear of failing health insurance. B. I definitely agree with tax-cut measures too since leadership is situational and at certain times, circumstances call for tax-cuts. It is true that tax-cuts have consequences but it is a lesser evil. Too much strain on American people would not only cause financial hardship but can make them resentful against the government. Civil disobedience can be an ugly

Compare and Contrast Poems by John Donne and Michael Drayton Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Poems by John Donne and Michael Drayton Essay The poem, To his coy mistress is very much Carpe Diem but the poet Andrew Marvell who wrote it was influenced by both Metaphysical and Classical types of poetry, the way in the beginning of the poem he seems to talk about things in a very slow way, walking, time slowing down to try to woe the women in a much quicker, the poem also shows a lot of Petrachan influences as when Andrew Marvell says Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze and Thy beauty shall no more be found. The poem is very much more in use of words that show the women in which the poem is talking about as being a goddess as I said earlier; this seems to play a large part in the poem. poem which is also very Carpe Diem is, to the virgins, to make much of time, this poem uses irregular (starvea) stress and unstressed words, but does have a regular amount of feet throughout the poem. The poem The Flea is very different to the other two before, it is a metaphysical poem which is much more interesting, it uses a much more dialectic view of wooing a women. It uses the fact that as a flea has bitten both the poet and the women of whom he is in love with, that it means that there are three lives all together in one and that him and his love almost more than maryed are. The structure of the poem uses the end of each paragraph as a conclusion for what it has just been stating. The poem uses imagery as it describes the two lovers together in the Flea with its dark walls of Jet referring to the colour jet black as there is no light in the Flea. At the end of the poem it shows that the women is wanting to kill the flea and he is comparing himself to the flea and saying that the flea is innocent because all it has done is take a tiny prick of blood from her and is it really worth the fleas life. The poet is using the idea of persuasion on the women by using the flea as an example. When it comes to the conclusion of the last paragraph it shows the poets persuasion again for that by the women killing the flea it has taken a small bit of life away rom her as it bit her and took some of her blood. The poet is much more different to the previous poets also as his persuasion has much more of a point to it, and uses a more intelligent argument against the women. The next poem was Song. To Celia, this is a classical poem which emphasises carpe diem is interesting. The poem is not in a common dialectic structure, it does have a felling that the poem is mainly based on the, fast, quick, instant love at the start of the poem. The poem involves a very large part at the end of an affair scene where Ben Johnson writes Of a few household spies? Or his easier ears beguile, this is speaking about the servants of the house in which the women which the man is involved with stays at, that they will only have to trick the servants from seeing them together. The structure of the poem is done using rhyming couplets and a trochaic tetrameter, the poem can be related to, to his Coy Mistress as it is also Carpe Diem. The poem, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love; this poem is a very stereotypical one as it portrays an idealised view of the country, it shows a much pastured view of the countryside. The poem is trochaic and it keeps a steady a,a,b,b pattern. The poet obviously did not have any view of the country and was probably a city person. The poem speaks about him and his love being whisked away into the countryside to live there in peace, with beds of roses for his love. The view of country is very much like a place that would be very hard to find in life; it is a much idealised view. The poem Sonnet is a very strange one; it does not have a set pattern for its rhythm and is very staggered. It involves the poet explaining all the different ways in which he loves the women in speaking. It uses classical influences with the poem having no persuasive felling to it. The poet uses Petrachan factors as the poet says about he loves all the aspects of the women, her breath, loving her freely, and purely.

P. H. Delamotte Photograph of the Interior of the Crystal Palace Essay

P. H. Delamotte Photograph of the Interior of the Crystal Palace After a successful year of housing the Great Exposition, the Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton was disassembled and moved to Sydenham, where it stood for the next 85 years (Hobhouse, 32). The Palace, built for the 1851 World's Fair in London, was an architectural and engineering wonder modeled after the bridge and train shed construction of the mid-nineteenth century. The structure had been designed to be quickly assembled out of prefabricated members and easily rebuilt elsewhere. Its light construction was made possible to use of thin cast iron prefabricated elements combined with wood and a glazed outer shell. The Crystal Palace housed the most spectacular collection of artistic and industrial wonders ever assembled in one place thus far. Visitors came from all over the world to see this display of power at the "Exhibition of the Works of All Nations" which was organized by Prince Albert and Henry Cole (Beaver, 12). The success of the Crystal Palace that cost "a penny per cubic foot" (Hobhouse, 39) brought Joseph Paxton much praise as well as a knighthood. The structure at Hyde Park was designed as a temporary building, able to be constructed and disassembled easily. During the Great Exposition the Crystal Palace housed the works of craftsmen, engineers and artists. The most popular of these exhibits was a crystal fountain made especially for the exhibition (Beaver, 47). The full 33,000,000 cubic feet of Crystal Palace was filled with displays and people crowding the aisles examining these wonders (Hobhouse, 39). When the Fair closed the fate of the Crystal Palace was a topic of extreme importance. Its popularity was obvious and Paxton suggested transforming... ...reat Britain. London: The Arts Council, 1965. Beaver, Patrick. The Crystal Palace, 1851-1936: a portrait of Victorian enterprise. London, Hugh Evelyn Ltd., 1970. Briggs, Asa. Iron Bridge to Crystal Palace: impact and images of the Industrial Revolution. London: Thames and Hudson in collaboration with the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, c1979. Hitchcock, Henry Russell. The Crystal Palace: the structure, its antecedents and its immediate progeny: and exhibition. Northampton, Mass.: Smith College Museum of Art, 1952. Hobhouse, Christopher. 1851 and the Crystal Palace; being an account of the Great Exhibition and its contents; of Sir Joseph Paxton; and the erection, the subsequent history and the destruction of his masterpiece. London, Murray, 1950. Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography: from 1839 to the present. New York: Museum of Modern Art. 1982.

Crime is Predominantly an Intra-Racial Event Essay

Introduction: Society has this perception that it is other races why crime occurs. Some people blame these crimes on black-on-black crimes, or Hispanics-on-Hispanics crimes. Being that crime seems to be predominantly an intra-racial event involving victims and offenders of the same race; will this type of destruction ever come to an end? While interviewing two of my co-workers while we were on break in between our runs, it was very interesting to learn of their intakes on this particular topic. The first co-worker I talked to is Hispanic. His name is Steven. Steven agrees that crime in a way is predominantly an intra-racial event, involving victims and offenders of the same race. Steven relates Hispanic-on-Hispanic intra-racial crime because of economic gaps in society. Steven feels that Hispanics are always given such a hard time when it comes to getting jobs. Hispanics are always first asked if they have a green card and can they legally work here in the United States. Steven says this comes from his own experience in trying to get a job as a mechanic. He felt very offended because of the stereotypes that society put on people of his origin. Steven says that he may be Hispanic but he was born and raised here in the United States. His parents were in the military, where they were stationed in San Antonio, Texas. His parents are from San Juan, Puerto Rico. Steven feels that this intra-racial crime comes from Hispanics having a lack of work and education to support their families. Steven has witnessed his own people killing one another over fearing being deported back to their country. Hispanics cross the border so that they can raise their families in a better environment with better opportunities. The second co-worker I talked to is African-American. His name is Chuck.  Chuck’s outlook on intra-racial crime is very similar to Steven’s outlook. Chuck feels that intra-racial crimes are a choice. Chuck grew up watching black-on black crimes like gangs killing other gangs because of crossing into their territory. Chuck says that society plays a big part in why blacks act the way that they do. He believes that society puts out negative stereotypes about blacks and people run with it. Chuck says black-on-black crime comes from a number of things like kids killing kids with illegal guns found in their houses, drug deals gone bad, young black men fighting in the clubs over females or fighting in the streets over a senseless argument. Crime Is Predominantly an Intra-Racial Event 2 Both Steven and Chuck agree that no matter what the situation may be, these unfortunate intra-racial crimes should not even occur. They both feel that people need to get a better education and obtain some type of work skill which is positive. Conclusion Intra-racial crimes leave families in disarray. Black-on-black crimes can be avoided if they are yes, re-educated and taught a trade to learn a meaningful skill. These crimes can be cut down tremendously and the African-American race can begin rebuilding. Hispanic-on-Hispanic crimes could also be cut in half if those who are here in the United States legally or who have their green cards, could go to school and get and education and earn a degree to help better them. Hispanics could also go to a trading school and get the skills that they need to find decent work. This way, Hispanics do not have to be paid under the table and they can earn a decent paycheck to help in supporting their families. The victims in these intra-racial crimes are the ones who have been hurt and families destroyed. The offenders in these intra-racial crimes just make excuses why they did as they feel that they had to do. Many offenders have no remorse for their actions and to them, it is everyone else’s fault but their own.

Arabic Language in Learning Sahria and Islamic Law Essay

Language is very important in our daily life. It serves as the way in communicating and dealing with other people. There are many language used by different people in different places. In field of teaching, language is the most important factor to be considered. Arabic language was known to be the second most used language in the world second to Chinese. A good knowledge of Arabic language will greatly enhance one’s ability to work and interact effectively with Arabic-speaking people and that, the diligent study of Arabic can lead to exciting careers in various fields in that particular vicinity. In addition, Arabic is the language of Islam and to properly understand Islam, that is why Arabic should be learn and taught for every Muslims (Tamano 1996). In teaching Sharia or Islamic Law, Arabic Language should be highly encouraged as the fundamental medium used in the classroom. However, in the case of King Faisal Center most of the students taking up Sharia courses have only miniature background in Arabic field particularly Arabic language. As a result the teachers preferred to use Local language just to make the student understand the discussions of Sharia. Sharia Law or Islamic Law derives its legal rules to Quran and Hadith. The primary sources of Islamic law are the Quran and Hadith which is written in Arabic language. In order to understand the Quran and Hadith you should be knowledgeable in Arabic language. For Muslims, the Qur’an is the literal word of God received verbatim by the Prophet Muhammad in his native Arabic tongue, who passed it on his followers. Qur’an is the foundation of Islam and the primary source of guidance for Muslims in all aspect of life, whether spiritual, legal, moral, political, economic or social (Saeed 2006). Qur’an is the primary source of Islamic Law and it originally written in Arabic text. Sharia derives its law based on the Qur’an. That is why the students and teachers should give an importance in teaching and learning Arabic Language in order to help the students specially Sharia students in order for them to understand the Sharia clearly and to help them in their future job as a Sharia practitioner. In the case of KFCIAAS in Islamic Studies Department, they preferred to use English language in most of their Sharia courses. KFCIAAS should consider that Arabic language is the foundation of Islam and we should give importance for improving and enhancing their methods of teaching Arabic language. The focus of this study is to gather information on the importance of Arabic language in teaching Sharia in King Faisal Center for Islamic Arabic and Asian Studies and try to strengthen and improve the teaching of Arabic language in King Faisal Center.

How Has Texting Affected Teenagers Essay Example

How Has Texting Affected Teenagers Essay Example How Has Texting Affected Teenagers Essay How Has Texting Affected Teenagers Essay How has texting affected teen literacy? This is one question asked by many, and not always answered. After doing much research, I have come up with an answer to this question. There are pros as well as cons to texting when it comes to teens. The pros of texting are that texting allows teens to communicate with each other more often. Another pro is that they have the capability to call a parent when in a situation where alcohol or drugs are involved. While texting can have some pros, it also comes with its own set of cons. One con is that texting is leading to anxiety, stress, distraction in school, and sleep deprivation. All of this added together can cause teens to have falling grades in school. Another, con is that texting can distract teens while they are driving. Texting and driving has become one of the most common causes of car accidents. One common thing you can see in schools is texting in class. One other thing you will see is cheating during tests. Some schools have banned cellphones during tests but this has not helped at all. These rules only affect the teens that are willing to break rules. The amount of teens who own a cell phone in the world is enormous. In 2011, 77% of the teenage population owned a cell phone, which is very similar to the 75% presented in 2009. Due to the unlimited texting plans presented by various mobile carriers texting has increased substantially in popularity. According to the Nielson Company, American Teenagers sent and received and average of 2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008. This totals to about 80 messages a day. In 2010, this amount of 2,272 text messages in the fourth quarter of 2008, grew to an amount of 6. 1 trillion text messages in 2010. This goes to show how much texting has grown in popularity and is a growing issue that effects teens everywhere. As texting becomes more popular, more and more teens begin to have falling grades in school and also putting themselves in danger while driving. If parents started to be more watchful of how much their children text, they could help them keep control of their texting. Baker,Lisa. Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects on Youth eHow 15. April. 2012 Starovoit,Veronica. How Does Text Messaging Affect the Ability to Write Speak in English? eHow 16. April. 2012 Lenhart,Amanda. Overall cell ownership steady since 2009 PewInternet 19. Mar. 2012 Hafner,Katie. Texting May Be Taking a Toll on Teenagers The New York Times 25. May. 2009

My Memories of Roger

My Memories of Roger Free Online Research Papers If you were to imagine the ideal, no, perfect best friend, then that would be Roger. He was amazing. You would be lucky to have a brief chat with him, even though he didn’t usually say much, or even meet him; then again he stayed in the house most of the time. Don’t get me wrong, I know I seem very chipper but I do miss him everyday. You have no idea. Even if you have lost someone close to you I still don’t think it could compare to the loss of Roger. We had a bond like no other. We were like peanut butter and jelly, you know? It was just one of those things that you know has to stay together. I remember this one time when my family and I took Roger on vacation with us up to our cottage in Espanola. We got up there and during the ride Roger didn’t look so good. I think he was a little motion sick; too much rocking. Well we got all settled in and I was so tuckered out from the car ride up that I went into an â€Å"instant coma† just as soon as I hit the pillow, so I didn’t really see Roger till morning. I went into the kitchen and I was going to get food for Roger and me, but my mom told me that Roger ate while I was still comatose. Later on in the day, I decided to go for a swim down at the beach, so obviously Roger came with me. We were inseparable remember? Well, then came one of the scariest moments of my life. Roger was always a strong swimmer. Way stronger than I was or ever could be. So, I lost him. He had decided to go for a long swim to a far off little island or something. Just as I was screaming for my mom I saw him and let out a sigh of relief. Even though this isn’t the happiest moment I have of Roger, it is definitely one of the strongest. I haven’t really been able to talk to anyone about what I’ve been dealing with since the loss of Roger. Everyone thinks I just need to let it go by and start anew with a new best friend. I’m just glad I can finally vent my feeling to someone. Keeping all those emotions pent up was not good for me at all. I just can’t really believe he’s actually gone, I guess it hasn’t really hit me yet. Well, I know he’s gone; it’s just that the sadness of the situation hasn’t come to me. I just miss him like crazy! I miss everything about him, his personality, sitting around just talking to him and him listening to every word, even though he was constantly moving. Even his childish habits are something I miss; I grew out of blowing bubbles but I guess he just never did. If you can hear me Roger, I just want you to know that our friendship meant the world to me and I hope it meant just as much to you. I know that some days will be hard to cope with and other days might go by smoother than others but that doesn’t mean I won’t be thinking of you. I might even meet new people and make new friends but they will never replace you. I won’t let them and they would never measure up. I’ll never forget you, Roger. You were my best friend. I’m so glad my parents decided to get me a fish instead of a dog. Research Papers on My Memories of RogerPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Hockey GameLifes What IfsHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through Deception

Corythosaurus - Facts and Figures

Corythosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Corythosaurus (Greek for Corinthian-helmet lizard); pronounced core-ITH-oh-SORE-usHabitat: Forests and plains of North AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and five tonsDiet: PlantsDistinguishing Characteristics: Large, bony crest on head; ground-hugging, quadrupedal posture About Corythosaurus As you can guess from its name, the most distinctive feature of the hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) Corythosaurus was the prominent crest on its head, which looked a bit like the helmet worn by the ancient Greek soldiers of the city-state of Corinth. Unlike the case with distantly related bone-headed dinosaurs like Pachycephalosaurus, however, this crest probably evolved less to establish dominance in the herd, or the right to mate with females by head-butting other male dinosaurs, but rather for display and communication purposes. Corythosaurus wasnt native to Greece, but to the plains and woodlands of late Cretaceous North America, about 75 million years ago. In a spectacular bit of applied paleontology, researchers have created three-dimensional models of Corythosaurus hollow head crest and discovered that these structures create booming sounds when funneled with blasts of air. Its clear that this large, gentle dinosaur used its crest to signal (extremely loudly) to others of its kindthough we may never know whether these sounds were meant to broadcast sexual availability, keep the herd in check during migrations, or warn about the presence of hungry predators like Gorgosaurus. Most likely, communication was also the function of the even more ornate head crests of related hadrosaurs like Parasaurolophus and Charonosaurus. The type fossils of many dinosaurs (most notably the north African meat-eater Spinosaurus) were destroyed during World War II by Allied bombing raids on Germany; Corythosaurus is unique in that two of its fossils went belly-up during World War I. In 1916, an England-bound ship carrying various fossil remains excavated from Canadas Dinosaur Provincial Park was sunk by a German raider; to date, no one has attempted to salvage the wreckage.

Saints Lives in the Moissac Cloister Research Paper

Saints Lives in the Moissac Cloister - Research Paper Example The abbey itself has several versions as to who was its founder. However, it is known that it was founded during the middle of the 7th century (Fletcher). Even though the abbey has witnessed numerous events and tragedies around it, there are still portions that have withstood the test of time. Its walls are the storytellers of what transpired from the time it had been built to the time the abbey was engulfed by flames and up to the present. There are sculptures that will speak about the beliefs of people during that era or what was foreseen. A catch though is that the original art pieces that are seen at present at the St. Peter’s Abbey in Moissac are the same pieces that have been displayed there during the times of its foundation. As the story books tell, there were two names that popped as to who founded the abbey in Moissac. One of the names was Desiderius of Cahors who later became Saint Desiderius of Cahors. Then Bishop of Cahors, St. Desiderius administrated the monastery under the diocese of Cahors (NewAdvent.Org; Schapiro and Finn 253). Before the 7th century ended, the possessions and resources of the abbey grew vastly. The construction of the abbey has been changed by the raids that it encountered during the building period. It is not just the abbey that were destroyed or damaged during these invasions. Several buildings from this era have also been destroyed (Brabbs 41). Louis the Debonnaire aided the reconstruction of the fallen Abbey church. However, it seemed like history just repeated itself when the same ruthlessness that the church experienced during the late 10th century occurred again but this time from the hands of Huns and Normans. What remained of the original abbey after the invasions was destroyed during the later periods of the first century. The original roof casing of the church collapsed in 1030. The remains of the original church after the

Values Scenario 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Values Scenario 4 - Essay Example However, for a true Christian, this should not be the case. The bible should be used like a map to guide people in their way. I try to show how bible principles can be applied for a successful business. I am going to emphasize on twelve principles that that can help a Christian run his business successfully. I will start with diligence. According to the book of proverbs 22:29 the bible says that a man diligent in his business can even stand before kings. In Hebrew, the word diligent can mean fast, quick, skillful or ready. Therefore, when a customer pops in, the business person should be more than ready to serve him or her. Such service cannot be always possible. However, one should try hard to achieve this. in the new testament, Paul wrote to the Christians telling them to not to be slothful in business but instead, business men should be fervent in their work. Laziness should not be tolerated in business (Brott). The other principle is right planning. Proverbs chapter 16 verse 3 says that all a man’s work should be committed to the lord. A new business should work out the general business parameters in terms of site, size and stocks. Committing our works to the lord should help establish thoughts. The third principle is our way of thinking. The word thought should be used to give a description of the inner voices of self-awareness. Having clear and logical thoughts can make our lives easier. The bible says that the strategies of the diligent result in plenty but for the hasty, poverty might be knocking on the door. The meaning of this is that if we do fill our heads with good information we will surely prosper. Wise input contributes to wise output. For instance, in times of recession, many businesses might close since the owners could be inflexible to change. Recessions always result in an opportunity to take up the available directions (Tsague). The other principle is morality. If a business

The Labor Force in Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Labor Force in Dubai - Essay Example The increase will help somewhat, but with rising prices in Dubai, it may not cover medical needs by May when it goes into effect. His mother has cataracts and also needs knee surgery. His grandmother has a large tumor in her stomach and needs immediate surgery. He is recuperating from a hernia operation.   In the spring of last year, construction workers in Dubai protested low salaries and mistreatment by stopping work after publication of a US-based Human Rights Watch (HRW) report that called treatment of underpaid private workers from India, Pakistan, China, and other Asian countries as â€Å"less than human† (Jones, para. 7). The incident erupted with extensive damage done to the Emaar Properties’ Burj Dubai tower, expected to be the world’s tallest building when completed in 2008. Damages were estimated at more than Dh3 million. With lack of social support for expatriate workers, according to Jones, HRW has urged the government to help fund and create indep endent bodies to improve conditions. The labor minister said that a new labor law and other measures were already improving conditions for immigrant workers. According to Jones, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) recommends immediate application of the law to insure that any restrictions on the fundamental rights of workers in the Emirate are removed. How has employer or government attempted to address problem?The increase in minimum wage applies only to government workers, and construction workers do not receive overtime pay.... ording to Jones, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) recommends immediate application of the law to insure that any restrictions on the fundamental rights of workers in the Emirate are removed. 2) How has employer or government attempted to address problem The increase in minimum wage applies only to government workers, and construction workers do not receive overtime pay. Although the problem under discussion in this essay is related to low income, the inability of such workers to meet basic needs leads to inadequate housing, health care expenses, and lack of education, keeping workers at a poverty level. The economy in the United Arab Emirate (UAE) shows rising inflation in the future (Ministry of Economy), according to a recent Economic Bulletin published by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI). The cost of living for the expatriate labor force has risen significantly, which reduces the appeal of the UAE as a lucrative labor market. Close monitoring of economic performance by the UAE government as well as continuing upgrade of local laws and regulations are expected to offset serious damages in any of the sectors. However, to compete as a major manufacturing center, the DCCI report calls for "an adequate infrastructure , high human capital base with innovative attitudes, legal and physical access to markets, and a favorable exchange-rate regime" (Ministry of Labour, para. 7). At present, only the infrastructure appears to be in place with the other factors lacking. One important issue in the development of a stable work force is education. Although an effort is being made to build up the education system, results will not be immediate. The Ministry of Labour of the UAE declared the following minimum monthly salaries for

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Research Paper - 1

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age - Research Paper Example Netizens, a term coined for active users of the Internet (Netizen), are complaining about how websites make private information such as their names, phone numbers, addresses, etc. available to the public. The issue of privacy over the Internet has become very serious that lawmakers have been forced to create regulations to safeguard users (Lyons, 2012) against websites that provide access to an individual’s private information. Search Engines for Citizens’ Private Data Intelius.com is a search engine that specializes on people searches. On the website, a researcher can choose to look up an individual through several ways. There are links to search via email, social networking sites, property records and the basic people search which yields the person’s relatives, age and the various cities and states in the USA the individual may have resided in. Getting a report would require a fee. Supposedly, the report would contain â€Å"some or all† of the data such as the person’s full name, age and date of birth, phone numbers, aliases, relatives, email address(es), property records, marriage & divorce, lawsuits, criminal records, and so on. For people search and background check services, Intelius supposedly provides a researcher his money’s worth because of the accuracy of its reports. ... These have corresponding fees. Prices are from $2.45, $19.95 and $39.95. The most expensive report includes a State Criminal Search, Properties, Enhanced Relatives, Associates Plus and Marriages/Divorces. As with Intelius, the number of items listed in each report is not guaranteed. Zaba Search is one of the many people search engines on the Internet. Once the first and last names are entered, the user can search all the 50 states in America or a specific state. The results include the person complete address and phone number, including a marker on Google map for the user’s reference. Zaba also offers reverse phone lookup, background checks and searching via phone numbers. Curiously, when the results appear, an advertisement by US Search shows with the same person’s name, age and the cities and states the person has lived in. Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Access Public access to private information can bring about positive and negative outcomes to the researche r and the topic of the research. Although public access does help researchers find more information for social or educational purposes, these information may not be current. Having a citizen’s private data available on the Internet makes the person an easy victim of identity theft or other related crimes. Nevertheless, it also makes it possible for long-lost friends and family to get in touch with the person. For the person being researched, there are a couple of reasons public access can be bad. One is identity theft which has become a significant offense in the United States with around 10,000 groups involved in the activity. (White, 2012) There are several ways to commit identity theft and all of these require personal information such

Best Orientation Practices For Nurses Term Paper

Best Orientation Practices For Nurses - Term Paper Example In the nursing profession, one of the problems facing nurses involves the retention of nurses. A methodical investigation cited by Kiel (2012) indicates that approximately thirty percent of newly registered nurses abscond from the nursing profession before the end of the first year at the job. Additional investigations showed that a quarter of newly licensed or registered nurses leave their jobs before the end of two years at the job (Kiel, 2012). This has necessitated the need for the introduction of effective orientation programs geared towards equipping these newly licensed nurses with skills and competency to remain at the job. In other words, the main challenge faced by these nurses during orientation is transitioning from being a student to a nursing professional. An article by Brown and Pillar (2014) brings out the fact that health organizations are faced with difficulties relating to how to successfully orient nurses in a bid to help them be accustomed to the daily running of the organizations. According to Robitaille (2013), "An effective orientation process is crucial to help ensure an individual's competency to perform his or her role and familiarize the oriented with an organization's culture, policies, and procedures, and unit-level protocols" (p. C7). In some cases, nurse managers assume the newly employed nurses will orient themselves in the course of their duties. Additionally, some nurse managers fail to ensure orientation of new nurses due to the high costs involved in such orientations.

Hollywood in the 1970s choose one question to answer from below Essay - 1

Hollywood in the 1970s choose one question to answer from below - Essay Example An era perceived as post-classical Hollywood came into being after retrenchment and recuperation took place (Hillier, 1993). This introduced new stylistic methods aimed at focusing on issues of women and society, marked by industrial restructuring, new cinema presentation modes, as well as aesthetic transformations (Kolker, 1980,2000 ). Hollywood movies exhibited the issues of feminism early in the 1970s informing the public by using movies like Women’s Liberation, Vietnam War as well as Movement of Civil Rights and many others. The 1970s era saw a great increase in movies dealing with feminist related themes, creating awareness and a new level of women roles in the film industry (Kolker, 1980,2000 ). Women taking lead roles in films became prominent, showing how women had recognized their importance and wanted to eliminate the gaps and difference created in society between them and men particularly noted as portrayed in many movies of Hollywood. (Williams, 2006). The movies as well tried to eradicate the traditional notion that females acted on films only purposely to fulfil men’s sexual desires. (Hillier, 1993). This act of portraying females is seen being particularly more pronounced in so many popular movies of Hollywood. (Corrigan, 1991) Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and Alice Doesn’t Live Here Anymore (1974) both depict the current changing position of women in Hollywood. Bonnie and Clyde puts a strong emphasis on women, in an era dominated by men. Alice Doesn’t Live Here Anymore, reflects on Alice playing multiple roles in an attempt to gain independence from male characters as well as accomplish self-realization. Emphasizing the common treatment of women and men were considered products of the new feminism wave launched in Hollywood, (Wood, 1986) making both movies to win awards. Bonnie and Clyde puts a focus on an era when feminist issues like sexuality became more pronounced in

Best Orientation Practices For Nurses Term Paper

Best Orientation Practices For Nurses - Term Paper Example In the nursing profession, one of the problems facing nurses involves the retention of nurses. A methodical investigation cited by Kiel (2012) indicates that approximately thirty percent of newly registered nurses abscond from the nursing profession before the end of the first year at the job. Additional investigations showed that a quarter of newly licensed or registered nurses leave their jobs before the end of two years at the job (Kiel, 2012). This has necessitated the need for the introduction of effective orientation programs geared towards equipping these newly licensed nurses with skills and competency to remain at the job. In other words, the main challenge faced by these nurses during orientation is transitioning from being a student to a nursing professional. An article by Brown and Pillar (2014) brings out the fact that health organizations are faced with difficulties relating to how to successfully orient nurses in a bid to help them be accustomed to the daily running of the organizations. According to Robitaille (2013), "An effective orientation process is crucial to help ensure an individual's competency to perform his or her role and familiarize the oriented with an organization's culture, policies, and procedures, and unit-level protocols" (p. C7). In some cases, nurse managers assume the newly employed nurses will orient themselves in the course of their duties. Additionally, some nurse managers fail to ensure orientation of new nurses due to the high costs involved in such orientations.

Analysis of Pepsi Company Limited Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Pepsi Company Limited - Assignment Example The strategy used by the company indicates that the management is in the process of creating action plans that try to augment the market share and take the lead competitor position in the soft drinks industry. The company tries to do this by increasing operations in all major cities of the world to rival the global presence of Coca-Cola Company. b) The annual report also points out the fact the company uses the straight line on both depreciation and amortization, a factor which means that the company does not use reducing balance method (PepsiCo, 2010). When the different depreciation methods are compared, it can be seen that the straight-line method is the best for this type of company. This is because the straight-line method allocates the usefulness of the assets to the most productive life of the asset, meaning that when the asset is near obsolete, the depreciation allocated to the asset is small compared to the earlier life of the asset. Conversely, the reducing balance method of depreciation allocates depreciation according to the value of the asset, which ends up allocating depreciation even when the asset is near obsolete. The company also uses the straight-line method to amortize assets, loans and allocate capital expenditure. c) From the annual reports released in the fiscal year ended December 2010, the par value of Pepsi Company common stock is 1 2/3 pence per share (PepsiCo, 2010). This par value reflected by the financial statements of the company indicates that the value has remained constant since the company announced a stock split in 1996, which means that the share data have been adjusted to reflect the stock split. The par value of the shares has remained constant since the period, and capital in excess of the par value is reduced to reflect the increase in par value occasioned by the value of additional shares issued.

E-Business Essay Example for Free

E-Business Essay Supply chain management is a battery of procedures that involve planning, executing and organizing the operations of a supply chain (Haag et al. , 2006). Such cluster of procedures covers all activities of the GAP, including management of raw materials, inventory and final products at both the point-of-origin and point-of-consumption. Supply chain management requires the modification of management from a direct individual-based level of performance to an indirect marketing or integration of operations as key processes in the supply chain. One simple example involves the placement of purchase orders by the purchasing department of the company. This is then coupled by the communication of the marketing department with particular distributors and retailers. Such efforts in integrating several processes in order to maximize and speed up a general process may result in an extremely efficient company. The integration of the financing technology and supplier outreach services facilitates reduction in capital requirements and finance costs associated with the clients (Kemp, 2006). The reduction in requirements and costs is attained through indirect and full cyber marketing, which permits retailers and suppliers to register with the website and interactive with the supply chain system. Such technological innovation of doing e-business helps them track down the payments of any transactions completed or still in progress (Timmers, 2000). In addition, suppliers and buyers are able to work in partnership to settle the final price and this is usually done through the receipt of credit memoranda. Such setting facilitates a faster process of trading. The integration of operations enhances the relationship between the supplier and the buyer, regardless of employment, gender and physical backgrounds.

Marijuana Should Be Legal Essays -- Legalization of Marijuana

Abstract The following is a proposal for a public policy that would legalize marijuana and have the drug be treated as alcohol. This is necessary because the current policy is detrimental to society and the legalization of marijuana would be beneficial. The prohibition of the drug is unfounded because tobacco and alcohol, legalized substances, are more dangerous than marijuana. Also, the legislation regarding the drug was created on racist sentiments, reducing the law’s credibility. The current policy also creates a dangerous black market and renders our prison system ineffective. The legalization of cannabis would bring undeniable medical and economic benefits to society and the government. Varying degrees of marijuana legalization have proved that, if controlled, the drug is rarely damaging to a society or its population. In fact, the benefits of such legalizations seem to greatly outweigh the drawbacks, making legalization the only logical choice. The debate over marijuana is endless. Due to historical portrayals, marijuana is still often seen as a dangerous drug. This myth, however, is outdated. In fact, marijuana is actually a useful drug that, if legalized, would bring many positive consequences to society. Marijuana should be legalized and treated like alcohol with regards to its regulation. A change in the outdated federal policy of strict prohibition would be an advancement of society and its values. To begin with, the racial implications behind the enactment of the policy suggest that it should not have been enacted in the first place. Throughout the early 20th century, marijuana was associated with Mexican laborers in the United States. There was a strong racist sentiment towards Mexicans in America, especially in the Southwest. Consequently, elite Americans looked down upon marijuana use for its association with this particular group (Rowe 26-27). The drug was actually originally spelled â€Å"marihuana,† which is how the word appears in the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act that made marijuana illegal. The drug is now commonly referred to as â€Å"marijuana.† This happened with the help of William Randolph Hearst, a newspaper-publishing giant in the early 20th century. Hearst began calling the substance â€Å"marijuana† so it appeared foreign and became further associated with Mexicans (Gahlinger 34). Later, marijuana became associated with the jazz scene and Af... ... Works Cited Barrett, Devlin. â€Å"New Medical Marijuana Policy: Obama Administration Will Not Seek Arrests For People Following State Laws.† The Huffington Post online 1 Nov. 2009. 18 Oct. 2014. . Fish, Jefferson M. â€Å"Five Drug Policy Fallacies.† Drugs and Society: U.S. Public Policy. Ed. Jefferson M. Fish. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2006. 79-96. Gahlinger, Paul. Illegal Drugs: A Complete Guide to Their History, Chemistry, Use, and Abuse. New York: Plume, 2004. Grinspoon, Lester, and James B. Bakalar. Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Hoeffel, John. â€Å"Medical Marijuana Gets a Boost from Major Doctors Group.† The Los Angeles Times online 12 Nov. 2009. 11 Nov. 2014. . Krisberg, Kim. â€Å"Fight for Reform of U.S. Drug Policies Slowly Making Headway. Nation’s Health. 39.8 (Oct. 2009): 1-10. EBSCOHost. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. Mills, BJ. â€Å"Medical Marijuana-Is it All Smoke?† Med-Surg Matters. 17.5 (2008): 3-5. EBSCOHost. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. Rowe, Thomas C. Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs: Money Down a Rat Hole. New York: Haworth Press, 2006.

The Role of Power in Obedience Essay -- Political Science Law Politics

To Obey or Disobey: The Role of Power in Obedience People’s decision to obey or disobey the law is based on how much power (in its various forms) they perceive the law to have behind it. The power of coercion is one maintained by every government in human history: the power to punish. The power of legitimacy is a much more subtle power: the power to appear as an authority and let others presume that you know best. While enforcing law, authorities will exercise both these powers. Both powers underscore government and society’s ability to control us and to get us to obey. Why do we obey? Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority, a series of experiments in which subjects were told to administer what they believed to be high-voltage electric shocks to people who they thought were experimental subjects, shows us the disturbing extent of people’s obedience in the face of power. Whereas it was hypothesized that few of the subjects would actually shock their supposed experimental subjects, the actual experiments showed a â€Å"disturbingly high level of compliance with authority figures despite the apparent pain evinced by the false experimental subjects.† (Cover 223) Even when the false experimental subjects (actually just a tape recording of responses) screamed with supposed agony, the vast majority of the subjects, although showing some hesitation and concern for their â€Å"victims†, still nevertheless shocked them again and again at the behest of the authority, even after the â€Å"victims† had gone silent. (Cover 223) The almost blind obedience of these subjects was due to the power of legitimacy and expertise they perceived the authority figures behind the experiment to have. The 2 authorities were able to impose their will ... ...human, we will always retain our freedom of thought and our decision to obey or disobey. 5 Works Cited Cover, Robert M. â€Å"The Violence of Legal Acts.† Before the Law: An Introduction to the Legal Process. Eds. Bonsignore, Katsh, d’Errico, Pipkin, Arons, Rifkin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 223. King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† Before the Law: An Introduction to the Legal Process. Eds. Bonsignore, Katsh, d’Errico, Pipkin, Arons, Rifkin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 158-162. Kropotkin, Peter. â€Å"Law and Authority.† Before the Law: An Introduction to the Legal Process. Eds. Bonsignore, Katsh, d’Errico, Pipkin, Arons, Rifkin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 158-162. Tyler, Tom. â€Å"Why do People Obey the Law?† Introduction to Legal Studies: A Reader. Ed. Thomas Hilbink. Amherst: Collective Copies. 475-495. The Role of Power in Obedience Essay -- Political Science Law Politics To Obey or Disobey: The Role of Power in Obedience People’s decision to obey or disobey the law is based on how much power (in its various forms) they perceive the law to have behind it. The power of coercion is one maintained by every government in human history: the power to punish. The power of legitimacy is a much more subtle power: the power to appear as an authority and let others presume that you know best. While enforcing law, authorities will exercise both these powers. Both powers underscore government and society’s ability to control us and to get us to obey. Why do we obey? Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority, a series of experiments in which subjects were told to administer what they believed to be high-voltage electric shocks to people who they thought were experimental subjects, shows us the disturbing extent of people’s obedience in the face of power. Whereas it was hypothesized that few of the subjects would actually shock their supposed experimental subjects, the actual experiments showed a â€Å"disturbingly high level of compliance with authority figures despite the apparent pain evinced by the false experimental subjects.† (Cover 223) Even when the false experimental subjects (actually just a tape recording of responses) screamed with supposed agony, the vast majority of the subjects, although showing some hesitation and concern for their â€Å"victims†, still nevertheless shocked them again and again at the behest of the authority, even after the â€Å"victims† had gone silent. (Cover 223) The almost blind obedience of these subjects was due to the power of legitimacy and expertise they perceived the authority figures behind the experiment to have. The 2 authorities were able to impose their will ... ...human, we will always retain our freedom of thought and our decision to obey or disobey. 5 Works Cited Cover, Robert M. â€Å"The Violence of Legal Acts.† Before the Law: An Introduction to the Legal Process. Eds. Bonsignore, Katsh, d’Errico, Pipkin, Arons, Rifkin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 223. King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† Before the Law: An Introduction to the Legal Process. Eds. Bonsignore, Katsh, d’Errico, Pipkin, Arons, Rifkin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 158-162. Kropotkin, Peter. â€Å"Law and Authority.† Before the Law: An Introduction to the Legal Process. Eds. Bonsignore, Katsh, d’Errico, Pipkin, Arons, Rifkin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 158-162. Tyler, Tom. â€Å"Why do People Obey the Law?† Introduction to Legal Studies: A Reader. Ed. Thomas Hilbink. Amherst: Collective Copies. 475-495.

3pl Providers and Users

A STUDY OF THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS PROVIDERS AND USERS Dr. S. Samar Ali, Associate Professor : Operations & Logistics Management * JK Business School, Damdama Lake Road,Bhondsi, Gurgaon 122102, India Telephone: +91-9971876017, Email address: [email  protected] com ABSTRACT Third party logistics (3PL) has been gaining importance in most places in the world. The implementation of 3PL practices is just beginning and emerging effectively. This paper examines the Indian 3 PL Supply Chain Management and practices with respect to the key success factors and growth strategies .After identifying the critical success factors SERVQUAL is applied to reveal the gap between their achievement and expectation. Respondents to the survey are categorized based on their rating of the key growth strategies on the basis of AHP. Key Words: 3PL; Third Party Logistics Providers; India; Factor Analysis; SERVQUAL; AHP 1. Introduction As conditions for doing business in a global setting have changed significant ly during the last two decades the importance of logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) has been recognized universally.As companies realized the need to adapt to the ever changing conditions in an environment of globalization, technological innovation, and more sophisticated consumer demand to survive and flourish they began to incorporate into their systems of operations and focus on a strong LSCM component (Rushton & Walker, 2007). Superior logistics and supply chain performance is now a well-recognized strategic dimension for companies to gain competitive advantage.The growth of logistics outsourcing in the USA is attributable to better transportation solutions; greater focus on core businesses; impact on cost reduction; improvements in services; development of necessary technological expertise; availability of computerized systems; and the need for more professional and better prepared logistics services (Sheffi, 1990). The growth of business dynamics has caused outsourci ng of the logistics activities to gain increasingly greater importance.Companies have been considering various options to manage their logistics activities including, creating in house dedicated logistics function, setting up logistics subsidiaries or acquiring a logistics firm. (Sahay & Mohan, 2006). A 3PL provider is a company which supplies and/or co-ordinates logistics functions across multiple links in the supply chain. The company acts as a 1 â€Å"third party† facilitator between seller/manufacturer (the â€Å"first party†) and buyer/user (the ‘second party’), Figure 1. Figure 1. Main components of 3PL.Source: Research on India – Third Party Logistics – India, November – 2009. www. researchonindia. com Various authors have provided their version of 3PL definition, which are listed in Table 1. Table 1 – Definitions of 3PL in the logistics literature. Authors Lieb (1992) Definition The use of external companies to perform l ogistics functions that have traditionally been performed within an organization. The function performed by the third party can encompass the entire logistics process or selected activities within that process. Andersson (1997) Murphy and Poist (1998)The procurement of an integrated set of logistics services in a longterm relationship between a shipper and a service provider. A relationship between a shipper and third party which, compared with basic services, has more customized offerings, encompasses a broader number of service functions and is characterized by a longer term, more mutually beneficial relationship. 2 Vab Laarhoven et al. (1999) Berglund (2000) Bask (2001) Activities carried out by a logistics service provider on behalf of a shipper and consisting of at least management and execution of transportation and warehousing.In addition, other activities can be included, for example inventory management, information related activities, such as tracking and tracing, value ad ded activities, such as secondary assembly and installation of products, or even supply chain management. Also, the contract is required to contain some management, analytical or design activities, and the length of the co-operation between shipper and provider to be at least one year, to distinguish 3PL form traditional â€Å"arm’s length† sourcing of transportation and/or warehousing.Organizations use of external providers, in intended continuous relationships bound by formal or informal agreements considered mutually beneficial, which render all or a considerable number of the activities required for the focal logistical need without taking title. Relationships between interfaces in the supply chains and third party logistics providers, where logistics services are offered, from basic to customized ones, in a shorter or longer-term relationship, with the aim of effectiveness and efficiency.Source: Marasco, A. , A Survey of Third Party Logistics Literature: Prelimina ry Findings. RIRL 2006 – Sixth International Congress of Logistics Research. Since the 1980s, along with the trend to outsource non-core activates (Sink and Langley, 1997), companies have increasingly turned to third-party logistics providers (3PL) both in the USA (Lieb and Randall, 1996; Rabinovich et al. , 1999; Knemayer and Murphy, 2004) and in Europe (Van Laarhoven et al. , 2000). PL services help to achieve the strategic objectives by concentrating more on core competency of the main business. The study by Sahay and Mohan, 2006, has cited substantial growth in various financial indicators using services of 3PL, for instance, various improvements in sales revenue by 13. 5%, working capital by 12. 3%, returns on assets by 10%, capital assets reduction by 10%, production cost reduction by 10. 5%, labor cost reduction by 10. 0%, and logistics cost reduction by 15%. PL users depend on 3PL service providers to secure capacity and gain agility (Hannon, 2005) who not only provid e core services like supplying right quality product, Figure 2. Outsourcing Development of Logistics Services and Network Source: Hapanen and Vepsalainen, 1999. 3 in the right amount, at the right price and place, and at the right time but also provide value added services such as tracking and tracing, sending information prior to the arrival of products, flexibility in delivery, which are valued by customers.The role 3PL service providers play in enhancing services and thereby satisfying customers has been universally recognized. The growth in 3PL service providers is seen across the world. As the logistics service demand increases, the challenges and opportunities will continue to increase. With the wide availability of modern decision making tools and information technology a paradigm shift in logistics is witnessed. Figure 2 depicts the evaluation and the state of the art witnessed in ogistics outsourcing. Companies across industries and around the world regard logistics and sup ply chain management as key components of their overall business success. Many users feel that their relationships with 3PLs have helped them achieve critical goals related to service, cost, and customer satisfaction. Third Party Logistics in India: Ever since the liberalization of its economy India has been on a path to become one of the top economic powers in the world.New avenues for progress and development have opened up; manufacturing and retail sectors gained popularity because of the changes in China’s export policy of not exporting manufactured items, from which Indian manufacturing firms have benefitted. Hence this sector will contribute to GDP significantly in the long run. The growth and competitiveness in these two sectors largely depend on the efficiency of the logistics operations that facilitate the companies’ ability to reach out to their customers quickly and at the desired location.Realizing this many manufacturers and retailers are now restructuring their supply chain processes in a manner to incorporate partnerships with expert supply chain service providers and outsourcing such activities as domestic transportation, international transportation, customs brokerage, warehousing, forwarding, cross-docking, product labeling, packing, assembly, kitting, reverse logistics, freight bill auditing and payment, IT services, fleet management, supply chain consultancy services provided by 3PLs, order entry, processing and fulfillment and limited liability partnership (LLP)/4PL Service.Currently 3PL services are in their nascent stage in India. Third party logistics will gain considerable share of the logistics sector because of the following compelling facts. †¢ 1 Globally, the logistics industry is valued at US$3. 5 trillion and the Indian logistics industry is currently estimated at US$90 billion (CII)1. Colliers International – Logic of Logistics – http://www. colliers. com/Content/Attachments/India/2009_Logic_Of_L ogistics. pdf 4 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢The industry has generated employment for 45 million people in the country in comparison with the IT and ITES sector, which employs approximately 4. 3 million people1. As per the World Bank Survey, India ranks 39th in terms of the logistics performance index and indicators, with Singapore on top, the UK, USA and China in 9th, 14th and 30th positions, respectively. India spends US$1,148 in handling costs to import one cargo container and US$820 to export it. In comparison, Singapore spends US$367 per imported container and China US$390, according to a World Bank study1.India spends 13% of its GDP on logistics compared to an average of 10% in developed countries, while the U. S. spends just 8%. Better supply chain management has reduced logistics costs by nearly 1% in 10 years1. The Indian government plans to spend US$24 billion over the next eight years on supply chain infrastructure1. 3PL solutions are on course to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 16% from 2007-2010. Consequently, 3PL service providers are expected to corner an increased share of the Indian logistics pie, from 6% in FY2006 to 13% in FY2011, at a CAGR of 25% (CII)1.According to the ASSOCHAM2, outsourcing of 3PL businesses in India should reach the value range above US$ 90 million by 2012 as the concept first introduced in US and Europe is being adopted at a pace that will lead to increases in the efficiency of domestic operations through better managed logistics functions. Companies in textile, automotive, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, retail and FMCG sectors are increasingly opting to outsource their logistics requirements to specialized service providers. According to a recent survey of 3PL service providers engineering, automotive and retail sectors were top revenue earners. PL Market Structure in India The 3PL market in India is comprised of two segments: the first one is asset based in which assets like trucks, distribution centers and warehouses are utilized in supply chain management, and the second one is non-asset based. There is a significant difference between the nature of Indian 3PL and its counterpart elsewhere, especially in the U. S. , Table 2. Table 2: Comparative Analysis of 3PL in India and the U. S. Parameter Usage of 3PL Common activities outsourced 2 USA 71% Warehousing (73. 7%) Outbound Transportation (68. 4%) India 55% Outbound Transportation (55%) Inbound Transportation (52%) http://www. ommodityonline. com/printnews. php? news_id=23489 5 Reasons for not outsourcing Necessity of ecommerce Collaborative relationship Gain sharing is important for relationship Freight bill payment (61. 4%) Inbound warehousing (56. 1%) Control would diminish (63%) Costs would not be reduced (63%) Service commitment would not be met (48%) Logistics is a core competency (44%) 72% Custom clearing and forwarding (51%) 82% 14% 80% 6. 6% Source: 3PL Practices in India, Sahay. B. S. , Poor infrastructure of provider (81%) Inability to respond to changing needs (81%) Unreliable promised from providers (80%) Concerns about capability of providers (77%) 7% www. cscmpindia. com/Events/20112003/3. PDF Considerable amount of research on the topic of the implementation of 3PL in different countries has been published in academic and trade journals. Viewpoints of both users and service providers have been considered to identify the major issues, industry dynamics, current status and future prospects of the 3PL industry. However most of the research is descriptive in nature and does not go into in-depth statistical analysis of survey data. In the present study Indian 3PL providers’ service dimensions are analyzed in terms of the key success factors and growth strategies using various tatistical tools. 2. Literature Review In this section a review of the literature is presented, which examines the perspectives of the 3PL users and service providers to under stand the variation in the services offered and services expected. Table 3 provides a list of recent contributions that address the reasons for outsourcing logistics activities. Table 3. Reasons for outsourcing logistics activities. Author, (Year) Objective Conclusion Sheffi, (1990) Understand the motives for the growth of logistics outsourcing in USA The main motives are to focus on †¢ Core businesses †¢ Better transportation solutions †¢ Cost savings and improved ervices †¢ Development of necessary technological expertise and computerized systems; and need for more professional and better- 6 Maltz, (1994) Establish relative impact of cost and services on the decision to outsource warehousing The study determined that organizations are reluctant to use third party warehousing due to customer service considerations. Author, (Year) Objective Conclusion Rao & Young, (1994) Identify the factors influencing outsourcing of logistics functions Daugherty et al. , (1996) Study the perception of the third party logistics service users van Damme et al. , (1996) Examine outsourcing ogistics management activities Sink & Langley, (1997) Develop a managerial framework for the acquisition of third party logistics services The study identified factors such as †¢ Centrality of the logistics function †¢ Risk and control †¢ Cost/service trade-offs †¢ Information technologies and relationships with logistics service providers †¢ Product-related (e. g. special handling needs), process-related (e. g. cycle times) and networkrelated (e. g. countries served) drivers are believed to have an indirect influence in the outsourcing decision The service users believe that they are getting benefits like reduction in nventory levels, order cycle times, lead times and improvement in customer service. The â€Å"do or buy† decision is also affected by evaluation of cost/service trade-offs. One important determinant of the decision is cost comp arison between alternative options. Costs associated with performing logistics activities inhouse and investment in capital assets are traded-off against service provider fees. The lowest cost solution should Concentration towards the core competencies was the most important factor for the acquisition of third party logistics services. Bhatnagar et al. , (1999) Find out factors for decision-making process or choosing contract logistics service providers. Ascertain benefits of alliance between manufacturing and global logistics service providers. Study benefits of outsourcing the logistics activities. The major reasons to outsourcing of logistics activities were cost saving (86. 8%), customer satisfaction (76. 3%) and flexibility (75%). Study growth strategies for logistics service providers Forming relationships with 3PL providers is an efficient and effective means of achieving the required services without investing heavily in assets and new capabilities. Bhatnagar and Viswanathan , (2000) Bask, (2001)Persson and Virum, (2001) The manufacturing firms got the advantage of reduction in inventory levels, order cycle times, lead times and improvement in customer service. The customer satisfaction increases significantly and provides access to international distribution networks. 7 Sohail & Sohal, (2003) Examine the reasons for outsourcing logistics activities in Malaysia The major reasons reported are †¢ Cost savings †¢ Improved services †¢ Better transportation solutions †¢ Better professionalism Author, (Year) Objective Conclusion Wilding & Juriado, (2004) Determine customer perceptions on logistics outsourcing in theEuropean consumer goods industry The main reasons for outsourcing the logistics activities are †¢ Competencies of 3PLs †¢ Operating flexibility †¢ Cost reduction †¢ Focus on core businesses Aktas & Ulengin, (2005) Review the reasons for outsourcing logistics activities in Turkey Turkish firms basically outsou rce the transportation activities to reduce the operating costs. Simchi-Levi et al. , (2008) Determine the effect of outsourcing of logistics on the management of the supply chain. The most important reason for outsourcing is that it allows a company to focus on its core competencies and hence on customer requirements.Studies based on user firms appear to indicate that outsourcing logistics activities is appropriate if it has an impact on one or more factors depicted in Table 4. Table 4. Impact of outsourcing logistics activities. Factor Impact on customer satisfaction Indentified by Gooley (1992); and Lieb et al. (1993) Impact on logistics system performance Lieb et al. (1993) and Dapiran et al. (1996) and Bhatnagar et al. (1999) Reduction in capital investment in facilities Reduction in capital investment in equipment Foster and Muller (1990) and Richardson (1992, 1995) Fantasia (1993), Foster and Muller (1990) and Richardson (1992)Reduction in investment in information technology Impact on employee morale Goldberg (1990), Sheffi (1990), Trunick (1990) and Fantasia (1993) Bowersox (1990) and Dapiran et al. (1996) Reduction in manpower cost Foster and Muller (1990) and Richardson (1992, 1995) Minaham (1997) and McMullan (1996) Improvement on specific logistics function parameters Improvement in inventory turnover rates Improvement in on-time delivery Increasing productivity Richardson (1990, 1995) Richardson (1995) Bradley (1995) 8 A list of references that address the issue of selection criteria for 3PL providers is given in Table 5. Table 5.Selection criteria for 3PL providers. Reference Objective Conclusion Bagchi and Virum, (1996) Develop a management model for selecting the logistic service provider Selection criteria typically include: †¢ Cost †¢ Service quality and reliability †¢ Flexibility †¢ Responsiveness to requests †¢ Financial stability Sink & Langley, (1997) Develop a managerial framework for the acquisition of 3PL serv ices Menon et al. , (1998) To study the selection criteria for 3PL providers. Meade and Sarkis, (2002) To develop conceptual model for selecting and evaluating third-party reverse logistics providers. Managers of a firm assign greater mportance to qualitative factors such as supplier reputation, references from clients, and response to information requests, which are used for the initial screening of candidate service The firm’s competitiveness strategy and its external environment affect the selection criteria. The important criteria for the selection of a 3PL provider are: †¢ On time shipment and deliveries †¢ Superior error rates †¢ Financial stability †¢ Creative management †¢ Ability to deliver as promised †¢ Availability of top management †¢ Responsiveness to unforeseen occurrences †¢ Meet performance and quality The most important factors for 3PL election are: †¢ Time †¢ Quality †¢ Cost †¢ Flexibility Aghazade h, (2003) To select the effective 3PL provider. The criteria for selecting 3PL provider are: †¢ Similar value †¢ Information technology systems †¢ Key management 9 Colson and Dorigo, (2004) H. S. Hwang et al. , (2005) Efendigil et al. , (2008) To develop public warehouse selection support system. The software tool select the public warehouse on the basis of factors like †¢ Storage surface and volume †¢ Dangerous items †¢ Geographical distance to highway connection †¢ Certification †¢ Assistance with customs †¢ Use of technology such as RFID/bar-coding, modemTo develop the supplier The major supplier selection selection and planning indicators are: model. †¢ Serviceability – Meet the lead time †¢ Inventory rotation rate †¢ Lead time †¢ Customer satisfaction †¢ Market share †¢ Production flexibility †¢ Multi-item production capability †¢ New item development/production capability †¢ Qualit y – Quality assurance Selection of a thirdThe third party reverse logistics party reverse logistics providers selection can be done by provider in the using performance indicators like: presence of vagueness. †¢ On time delivery ratio †¢ Confirmed fill rate †¢ Service quality level Unit operation cost †¢ Capacity usage ratio †¢ Total order cycle time †¢ System flexibility index †¢ Integration level index †¢ Increment in market share †¢ Research and development ratio †¢ Environmental expenditures †¢ Customer satisfaction index Table 6 gives Jharkharia and Shankar’s (2006) list of the selection criteria for 3PL providers as identified by some authors. Table 6. Selection criteria. N o Selection Criteria Relevance in 3PL Selection Reference 10 1 Compatibility with the Users The ability of the user, provider and their support systems to work together in co-ordination. Anderson and Norman 2002), Lynch (2000), Mohanty and Deshmukh (1993). 2 Cost of Service Total cost of logistics outsourcing. Lynch (2000), Stock et al. (1998), Tam and Tummala (2001). 3 Quality of Service It includes many aspects like transportation time, on-time delivery, frequency and cost of damages etc. Razzaque and Sheng (1999), Thompson (1996), Langley et al. (2002). 4 Reputation of Vendor 5 Performance Measurement Opinion of concerned people about 3PL firm. Provision for periodic evaluation of the performance. Lynch (2000), Thompson (1996). Bhatanagar et al. (1999), Lynch (2000), Langely et al. (2002). 6 Willingness to UseLogistics Manpower Razzaque and Sheng (1998), Ackerman (1996). 7 Flexibility in Billing Willingness of 3PL provider to retain users’ logistics employee, who would otherwise become unemployed after outsourcing contract. Flexibility in billing and payment conditions which increases goodwill between user and supplier. 8 Long-Term Relationship Includes shared risk and rewards. Lynch (2000), Boyson et al. ( 1999). 9 Quality of Management Anderson and Norman (2002), Lynch (2000), Boyson et al. (1999). 10 Information Sharing and Mutual Trust Able management not only provides good services but also fosters a long-term elationship. For continuance of agreement and continuous improvement of services. 11 Operational Performance 12 Information Technology Capacity 13 Fixed Asset Langely et al. (2002), Tam and Tummala (2001). Anderson and Norman (2002), Lynch (2000), Langely et al. (2002), Babbar and Prasad (1998). Hum (2000), Boyson et al. (1999). 14 Experience in Similar Product 15 Delivery Performance Can be measured by delivery performance, performance monitoring capacity etc. The advanced IT capacity helps in reducing uncertainties and inventory level. Tracking of goods becomes an easy process. Size and Quality of fixed sset helps in good operational performance. Prior experience in product line of shipper is added advantage. Speed and reliability. Bradley (1994). Lynch (2000). Razzaque an d Sheng (1998), Ackerman (1996). Stock et al. (1998), Gattorna and Walters (1996). 11 16 Employee Satisfaction Level Improves operational performance. 17 Financial Performance Ensures continuity in services, regular updation of equipments. 18 Market Share It reflects its financial performance, customer satisfaction and reputation. Thompson (1996). 19 Geographical Spread and Range of Services Provided Flexibility in Operation and DeliveryCreate enhanced access to the user. Maltz(1995), Boyson et al. (1999), Bradlley (1994). Stank and Daugherty (1997). 20 It may enable the user to give customized service to the shipper, particularly in special or non-routine request. Lynch (2000), Boyson et al. (1999), Langely et al. (2002). Anderson and Norman (2002), Boyson et al. (1999). Table 7. Growth Strategies Reference Objective Conclusion Sum and Teo, (1999) To find out Strategic posture of logistics service providers in Singapore 3PL performance and profits can be improved by: †¢ Cost r eduction, †¢ Market segmentation †¢ Service differentiationEnvironmental changes and the introduction of new technologies have an impact on LSP strategic planning Both vertical (shipper-LSP) and horizontal (among LSPs) alliances are set up mainly with the aim of getting access to complementary resources and capabilities. In particular, horizontal alliances among LSPs are deemed necessary for the development of cross-border logistics solutions Hum, (2000) van Hoek, (2000) To find out the factors that affect the LSP strategic planning To find out the reasons for doing alliances. 12 Stone, (2001 & 2002) To find out the growth strategies used by UK’s 3PL providers.Carbone and Stone, (2005) To identify the growth strategies used by European logistics service provider and its out come C. John Langley, Jr. , Ph. D. , and Capgemini U. S. LLC. 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 To identify the growth strategies used by the logistics provider in the world. LSPs employ a variety of growth strategies. Important means of expansion include: †¢ Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) †¢ Joint ventures †¢ Strategic alliances †¢ Piggybacking (i. e. following the client's expansion and establishing new operations in foreign markets) †¢ Organic growth European logistics service providers use M for gaining dvantage in factors like: †¢ Economies of scope †¢ Expanded geographical coverage †¢ Acquisition of specialized capabilities †¢ Requirements for investment in IT and equipment Third party logistics providers use following strategies for growth of the company. †¢ M †¢ Service Portfolio †¢ 3PL User/Provider Relationships. †¢ RFID and IT †¢ Future Growth of the 4PL Provider Concept †¢ 3PL Creation of Supply Chain Value †¢ Integration & Collaboration †¢ Green Supply Chain 3. Research Methodology The research objectives of this paper are as threefold: 1. To identify the success factors of Indian 3PL firms and their relative importance. . To analyze the gap between achievement and expectation as defined by the success factors identified. 3. To prioritize the growth strategies and their relative importance. 13 3. 1 Type of Research Employed In this paper we used an exploratory research to help formulate relevant questions and hypotheses that can be the basis of subsequent inquiries into the issues faced by 3PL providers and users. This type of research is particularly useful when the researcher is uncertain of the theories that are relevant, and would like to seek insights and ask questions to assess the phenomena he has observed in a new light.The tools one may employ to conduct exploratory research include review of the literature, and surveys of the opinions of experts and focus groups. 3. 2 Sampling Procedure We employed a non-probability sampling technique, Quota Sampling. Quota sampling is used to ensure that a set of specific characteristics that are of interest to the investigator is present in the sample. 3. 3 Sample Size To collect data we sent out a structured questionnaire to 220 third party logistics providers’ employees. 124 of the replies could be used for the analysis. Industry Review factor analysis, the research . 5 Tools of Analysis Literature Review Research Issue In our study we used SERVQUAL and AHP. The stages of process are shown in Figure 3. Research Questions First Version Development of Questionnaire Final Version Revised Version Data Collection Data Analysis 14 Conclusion Figure 3 Research Process 5 . Data Analysis 5. 1 To identify the success factors of Indian 3PL firms and its relative importance. The data collected through questionnaire was analyzed through SPSS 15. 0 to find out the success factors and their relative importance. The KMO and Bartlett’s test results shown in Table. indicate the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is 0. 769 which is great er than 0. 5. This indicates that a factor analysis will be useful with the data. The value of significance level is 0. 000, which is less than 0. 05. So there is a significant relationship among the variables. The initial extraction shows that the communalities are very high, which indicate that the extracted components represent the variables well. Table 9. Table 8. KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. 0. 769 Bartlett's Test ofSphericity 3167. 333 Approx. Chi-Square Df Sig. 325 .000 Table. 9 Communalities Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Initial 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 Extraction .477 .611 .638 .667 .595 .670 .653 .536 .766 15 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 Q26 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 .661 .588 .624 .604 .664 .753 .748 .774 .589 .690 .695 .734 .671 .653 .582 .607 .641 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 16 Table 10. Total Variance ExplainedInitial Eigen values % of Cumulative Variance % 23. 065 23. 065 12. 909 35. 974 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings % of Cumulative Total Variance % 5. 997 23. 065 23. 065 3. 356 12. 909 35. 974 Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings % of Total Cumulative % Variance 3. 064 11. 786 11. 786 2. 964 11. 398 23. 184 42. 224 1. 625 6. 250 42. 224 2. 602 10. 007 33. 191 47. 529 1. 379 5. 305 47. 529 2. 118 8. 147 41. 339 4. 802 52. 331 1. 249 4. 802 52. 331 1. 829 7. 034 48. 372 4. 467 56. 798 1. 161 4. 467 56. 798 1. 599 6. 151 54. 523 1. 098 4. 225 61. 023 1. 098 4. 225 61. 023 1. 434 5. 515 60. 038 1. 023 . 935 64. 958 1. 023 3. 935 64. 958 1. 279 4. 920 64. 958 Component Total 1 2 5. 997 3. 356 3 1. 625 6. 250 4 1. 379 5. 305 5 1. 249 6 1. 161 7 8 9 .936 3. 598 68. 557 10 .869 3. 344 71. 901 11 .788 3. 031 74. 931 12 .704 2. 707 77. 638 13 .671 2. 580 80. 218 14 .608 2. 338 82. 556 15 .594 2. 284 84. 839 16 .552 2. 123 86. 9 63 17 .542 2. 083 89. 046 18 .503 1. 933 90. 979 19 .389 1. 497 92. 476 20 .380 1. 462 93. 938 21 .343 1. 318 95. 256 22 .317 1. 220 96. 476 23 .297 1. 144 97. 620 24 .242 .931 98. 550 25 .196 .753 99. 304 26 .181 .696 100. 000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 7 Table 11. Rotated Component Matrix (a) Component 1 2 Q1 Q2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .504 .431 Q3 .760 Q4 .417 Q5 .639 Q6 .502 .488 Q7 -. 407 .646 Q8 .505 Q9 Q10 .813 .739 Q11 .555 Q12 .419 .699 Q13 .647 Q14 .639 Q15 .823 Q16 .815 Q17 .772 Q18 .457 Q19 .514 .491 Q20 .658 Q21 .731 Q22 .643 Q23 .742 Q24 .676 Q25 Q26 .688 .635 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a Rotation converged in 24 iterations. We note that about 65% (. 64958) of the total variation in the 26 variables is attributable to the first eight components, Table 10.We also observe that Component 1 explains a variance of 3. 064, which is 11. 786% of total variance of 26; Component 2 explains a vari ance of 2. 964, which is 11. 398% of total variance and so on. The rotated component matrix contains the same information as the component matrix, except that it is calculated after rotation, Table 11. From this table we construct the following factor matrix, Table 12, where the key elements of importance in relation to the eight factors are shown. 18 Table 12. Factor Matrix Eigen Value Factor No. Factor Name Total

The neoliberal economic and political situation

The $30-billion loan from IMF in 2002, which initially had to give rise to the Brazilian economy and lead it from the existing financial crisis, has proven to be ineffective. The presidential election and the Lula government have not met the goals, set by the International Monetary Fund and other international institutions. The government has neither taken the right orientation of carrying out legal and regulatory policies, nor opened the way out for others.The neoliberal economic and political situation have only caused confrontation and worsened the existing problems with public debt, poverty, wage rates and other essential issues. The core problems of Brazilian political climate contain: budget deficit (which causes increase of public debt and high inflation rates), lack of agrarian, pension, military and social-program reforms, bureaucracy of trade unions, privatization (the most of the businesses are in the hands of Lula government and its allies), and violation of workersâ€⠄¢ rights. The key element of any country – the worker – is over-discriminated by the state.Women and Afro-Brazilians are discriminated and underpaid, the number of slaves and forced workers drastically increases, the corrupted government is involved in bribery, therefore, the illegal land exploitations (forest clearing, mining, etc. ) that violate the right to adequate housing are widespread (Danish Institute for Human Rights, 2006). The lower tax rate for private business do not meet the efficiency and equity for macroeconomic stable situation and fiscal control, for income and property taxes are reduced by decreasing number of official workers.According to the risk data, the Brazil government effectiveness risk is 68 of 100, tax policy risk is 63, with Brazil overall risk rating assessment of 47 (data obtained from viewswire. com). These numbers give the clear picture that the 250-billion debt in Brazil, violation of laws, illegal actions of the government and key e ntrepreneurs, create the disfavorable and unstable ground to foreign-owned businesses and dollarization does not give confidence in Brazilian economy.Moreover, the IMF debt can be cut off in the case if the Brazilian government does not meet the target. References: Danish Institute for Human Rights. (2006). Executive summary of the Brazil country Risk Assessment. Online. October 29, 2007. Available: http://www. humanrightsbusiness. org/pdf_files/Brazil_%20Executive%20Summary. pdf. Risk ratings. (2007). Brazil risk ratings. Online. October 29, 2007. Available: http://www. viewswire. com/index. asp? layout=RKcountryVW3&country_id=1480000148&rf=0

Modern Ideas for Treating Epilepsy

IntroductionEpilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, and is associated with a variety of medical conditions and neurological diseases. â€Å"Antiepileptic medications attempt to treat this chronic seizure propensity, and, by definition, antiepileptogenic drugs aim to prevent the natural history of the epileptic disease† (Raman, Rho, & Cavazos, 2004).Epileptic seizures are paroxysmal clinical events arising from neuronal hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony of the cerebral cortex, either locally or simultaneously in both hemispheres. A seizure occurs when there is a sudden imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a network of neurons such that there is overall excessive excitability.The behavioral manifestations of a seizure depend on the area of the area of the cerebral cortex that is involved – directly, in the seizure focus, or indirectly, through recruitment and propagation of this abnormal paroxysmal neuronal ac tivity. Convulsions are defined as seizure that includes motor manifestations such as repeated and rhythmic jerking of the limbs, most often due to involvement of the motor cortex. Anticonvulsant drugs are medications that attempt to compensate for this abnormal cellular hyperexcitability by shifting the delicate balance back toward its normal state.Treatment for EpilepsyProspective population-based studies have demonstrated that 65-70 per cent of patients attain at least a 5-year remission and that half of these will successfully stop treatment. Thus, the â€Å"long term prognosis of epilepsy is good for most patients with a short history of seizures† (Appleton, 2001). The question arises as to when treatment should be started and when it can be stopped. Prophylactic treatment may be undertaken in patients with a high prospective risk of epilepsy after head injury and craniotomy for various neurosurgical conditions, although no evidence exists that antiepileptic treatment is effective in such cases.â€Å"The main form of treatment for epilepsy is drugs† (Scambler, 1989). The majority of people can be rendered seizure-free by pharmacological mean, although chronic intractable epilepsy develops in approximately 20 per cent of cases. Occasionally surgery may be appropriate for those who have a single discrete focal abnormality and whose seizures have been unresponsive to drug therapy, but the proportion of those with epilepsy likely to benefit from surgery will probably remain small. Sometimes people can learn to control their seizures by avoiding clear precipitants, for example alcohol or lack of sleep. But the large majority requires anti-convulsant medication, often over a period of many years.Five drugs are commonly used for the management of partial and grand mal seizures: phenytoin, carbamazepine, sodium valporate, phenobarbitone and primidone. All show similar therapeutic results, but phenobarbitone and primidone tend to be used less because of their sedative effects.  Unfortunately, other studies have shown the â€Å"high incidence of behavioral side-effects from the treatment† (Là ¼ders, 2001), an important issue when weighing the pros and cons of continuous therapy.These side-effects occur in 40% of treated children and include irritability, hyperactivity, sleep pattern disturbances, and the possibility of diminished intelligence, but its effectiveness has now been questioned. Mephobarbital has the same side effects as Phenobarbital and phenytoin and carbamazepine do not appear to be effective. The potential role for newer antiepileptic drugs such as lamotrigine and gabapentin is unknown.  The Consensus Development Conference on Febrile Seizures attempted to make the best possible recommendations regarding treatment. The panel recommended ‘considering’ continuous anticonvulsant prophylaxis only in the presence of any known high-risk factors. In this basis, only a small percentage of children would require treatment.References:Appleton, R. (2001). Epilepsy (4th ed.). Massachusetts, USA: Informa Health Care.Là ¼ders, H. (2001). Epilepsy: Comprehensive Review and Case Discussions. Great Britain: Informa Health Care.Raman, S., Rho, J. M., & Cavazos, J. E. (2004). Epilepsy: Scientific Foundations of Clinical Practice. New York – Basel: Informa Health Care.Scambler, G. (1989). Epilepsy. New Fetter Lane, London: Routledge.

Business Improvement Districts from public finance perspective and its Research Paper

Business Improvement Districts from public finance perspective and its case study - Research Paper Example There is another type of district similar to Business Improvement District. It is called the Community Benefit District. It is pretty much like Business Improvement District only that property owners have to pay any additional taxes. Business owners do not vote to pay any additional taxes in Community Benefit Districts. In a gist, Business Improvement Districts are very lucrative. They offer services such as cleaning and cleansing of streets, provision of security, capital improvements, streetscape enhancement, pedestrian construction and marketing the area. All aforementioned services are offered to ensure that the district retains its attractiveness. These services are supplemental to those already offered by the municipality. The paper will be a rationale paper discussing Business Improvement Districts in the context of New York city. It will discuss various financing tools and the economic impact created by business districts. Why they are important? Why do they attract attention? Why kind of economic advantage do they bring with them? All these questions will be answered in the context of BIDs of New York. More-over there will be some more insight into un-even service delivery outside the district and eventually there will be a discussion on one district within NYC. That district will be thoroughly district in terms of ways in which it raises money and the services provided by that district. That district will be used as a case in New York City. The economist Magazine projected Business Improvement Districts as â€Å" the best hope for getting parts of America’s cash strapped cities working again† . These districts if properly identified and worked upon give that vicinity a new lease of life and face all together. Business Improvement Districts have attracted tremendous amount of interest. They have triggered a great deal of excitement amongst city governments and urban policy makers world over. They have started looking into Business

Spirituality in Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Spirituality in Nursing Care - Essay Example Consequently, the subject of spirituality is at the heart of both medical practitioners and their patients. This is because all people are spiritual and that spiritual care largely contributes to the process of healing. Moreover, rehabilitation patients usually need a lot of spiritual care than patients in other healthcare areas because of their condition. Even though the duties in nursing practice always involve the provision of ethical and competent nursing services to patients, their profession widely involves provision of direct services that involve interactions between the person, health and environment. However, training in this area of spiritual care is seldom provided since most of the training is focused on emotional, social, cultural, physical and psychological aspects of the client. The nurse, therefore lacks the ability to provide spiritual care. Many nurses feel uncomfortable in accessing a client’s spiritual realm because of the abstract nature of the elements o f spirituality. Others find it difficult to develop appropriate methods to access this spiritual area. Moreover, the strict standards of practice make it difficult for nurses to indulge in spiritual care since these standards are self-regulating. Spirituality usually provides patients with a scope to view the world that they live in and, therefore involves an individual’s greatest threats and ambition.... Some of the spiritual values that can be applied by the nurses to bring about spiritual nourishment to their patients include: Compassion Compassion refers to the ability to control our impulsive and compulsive reactivity. For the nurses to take their patients through the road of spiritual nourishment, they have to have control over negative emotions that might arise because of interacting with their patients. These emotions can be manifested in form of frustrations, anger or impatience with patients. The nurses through dialogue should continuously encourage their patients to take a courageous look at their heir shortcomings in order to establish a balance between detachment and compassion. This balance represents success in spiritual progress as the patient grows in their ability to control rash reactivity and the reward being a relieving sense of detachment. Purity In such a situation, the patient views the nurse as an example of a healer. The nurse should ensure that the treatment given to their patients should be of high quality, since they represent the perfect example of such a quality. This is necessary to keep the patient growing because the treatment will be a perfect reflection of the provider who in this sense is purported to be pure. The patient should be put in the right frame of thinking to give room for positive thoughts that are vital for purification of their mind. This will be achieved since the patients will strive to emulate the perfect character of their attendants. Forgiveness Through the process of effective counselling, the nurse should bring out the concept of imperfection to the patient. The patient should realise that all the things that we encounter in this world are seldom perfect. The main objective should be to put the patients

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Arabic Culture - Essay Example This paper is a discussion comparing the influence Arab and American TV programming have on shaping cultural practices of these two groups. One of the main issues which TV in programs, in Arab world, focuses on is the conservative dressing code, while in America, is dressing fashionably. Women who feature on TV in the Arab world in most cases put on veils, which cover their whole body and some parts of the head. The women in Arab world in turn, are influenced to continue on with the conventional mode of dressing. Contrary to the Arab world, women who feature in TV programs, in America, embrace the culture of dressing according to the current fashion. This translates on to the society in that women copy the latest mode of dressing they watched on TV. TV programs have great influence on fashion cultural trend while in Arab world TV programs does not influence fashion because of its conservative nature (Monaco 15). The other issue that can be compared in TV in the Arab world and America is the portrayal of freedom. It is evident that a lot of TV programs in America portray satire, irony, and at the same time, the themes are against government policies. People watching TV in America enjoy the sense of mental and intellectual freedom; this is because they are able to watch many programs that are the critic of the government without being victimized by the government. Watching programs that are satirical to the government in America have made people mentally free, and that is why there is democracy in America. However, people watching TV programs in most countries of the Arab world are not mentally free due to governments’ control most of the content to be watched. Satirical programs, which can instill mental freedom to individuals and address the ill nature of the governments, are limited to the Arab world. This fact has seen to it that people living in the Arab are under the

Service Encounter Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service Encounter Journal - Assignment Example The service is easily accessible and the customer chooses on the basis of his requirements but the stock is limited at times and one has to choose from the products available. Moreover the shipping costs are high. My reaction was normal. I needed the bed and I got one but the bidding procedure irritated me. I was somewhat satisfied but was worried of the extra shipping cost I had to incur. However the exchange terms were good. I am undecided about my return decision as it depends upon the urgency of my requirement. If I felt to buy something without taking the trouble of going to a shop, I may search the product at ebay. However, my decision to buy may involve the cost at home and the cost at any retail shop. The more preferable would be the one that offers less cost with more attractive replacement package. My encounter with Adobe Inc. was an above average contact service. I had to go through some pdf files while my adobe reader got corrupted. I instantly typed the web site and searched for the required software. I got it instantly and free of cost. I felt glad and overwhelmed by the fact that if I encounter any problem with adobe I can have the solution instantly. The website offers superior customer service by segregating different types of customers and providing relevant software. My satisfaction resulted due to the fact the most commonly needed software like adobe reader are provided without any cost. It’s a fact that no operating system can operate fully without adobe softwares. Whether it is Photoshop, flash work or pdf files, we need the product but the most overwhelming feeling results due to the fact that all of them are so easily accessible and the most common are offered free of cost. So there is no question of not visiting the site when one needs any of its software. I think it’s the first choice and most probably the last too. My encounter to Valvoline was a below average contact service. Whenever